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Frequently Asked Questions

Are electric actuators as reliable as existing pneumatic actuators?Arrow

Utilizing a roller screw drive train, the Tritex EVA exceeds ISO22153 class D performance with little to no maintenance, and will last for years. 
Are electric actuators more expensive than pneumatic actuators?Arrow

When comparing actuator price to actuator price this is true. But If you compare the entire system price of a no-emissions actuation solution to a pneumatic system, electric actuators can be the more cost-effective solution.
Are electric valve actuators suitable for critical applications requiring high-speed?Arrow

The Tritex EVA electric valve actuator is as fast as pneumatic actuators, opening and closing in as little as one second. 
Are roller screws multi-lead?Arrow
Roller screws are going to have multiple start threads. Depending on the diameter, you could have three, four, six starts if thread in and given diameter, so the manufacturing techniques allow for making those multiple thread starts within the screw.
Are the screws normally ground or machined?Arrow
For high precision designs, grinding is the normal process for both ball and roller screws. Thread rolling is common for lower cost, lower precision ball screws.
Are there any restrictions in the orientation of operation, horizontal versus vertical, for a roller screw?Arrow
There really aren’t. It becomes more a measure of what the force requirements are for the given orientation and how the load is supported. If you’re looking at a horizontal orientation that’s sliding along rails, you may have a higher inertia if you have a big, big load sitting on those rails, whereas if it’s a vertical application where you’re lifting and lowering a lot of tooling, you’re going to take into account that tooling weight. So really the orientation has no effect on the screw itself, but it could have considerations that are needed when you’re choosing the screw to make sure that you get the right screw for the application or package actuator.
Can roller screws be used in applications where high linear stroke speeds are required, for example a 24 inches per second moving a 1-ton load?Arrow
Yes, that would be a common application. In the integrated package design, you might see speeds that could get up to 40 inches per second. You might see forces that go up to 10,000-12,000 pounds. Now if you’re going 40 inches per second, we’re probably not going to be doing 12,000 pounds. We’re probably going to be doing more like 4000-5000 pounds at a maximum. But if you’re doing 12,000 pounds you might see a max speed of 5 inches per second. And then once you go to the conventional roller screw design where you’re adding back that external motor, then you really have a lot more flexibility on power range. You can get a really, really big motor if necessary. Depending on all the application characteristics, you can get a screw going pretty fast while also having a fairly high force, potentially upwards of 10,000 pounds or even 20,000 pounds of force. If you have a large enough motor, you could be going 20 or 30 or 40 inches per second.
Can roller screws go up to 50,000 or 60,000 pounds of linear motion?Arrow
Yes, Exlar produces conventional roller screw actuators from 5,000 pounds all the way up to 80,000 pounds. Check out our product pages to find our what actuator fits your needs. 
Can the Tritex II linear actuators replace hydraulic cylinders?Arrow
Tritex actuators have similar capabilities as a comparably sized hydraulic cylinders but without the cost or maintenance issues. High force, fast speeds, and precise movements make it a superior substitute for hydraulic applications
Can these designs be supplied into all industries – nuclear, petrochemical refineries for example?Arrow
Yes. Most packaged actuators are designed for general-purpose factory automation applications, but can be adapted for use in harsh or unique environments. The challenge, when you start getting into industries like a nuclear industry or certain oil and gas and refinery industries, is obtaining the certifications and ratings required. Is it possible to have packaged electromechanical actuators including roller screw actuators to be certified for those types of environments? The answer would be yes. As far as the Exlar® product line, we have some limited products that are available with some CSA hazardous ATEX/IECEx certifications for different parts of the world regarding hazardous location or explosion-proof type environment. So they are available. It really depends on the products and supplier.
Can you please provide a cost comparison between a ball screw and a roller screw actuator?Arrow
Cost comparison of a roller screw to a ball screw is really a difficult subject, mainly because we have to take into account the differences in the pieces that we are comparing. A roller screw is typically going to be competitive to a ball screw in regards to price because we can oftentimes use a roller screw that is smaller in size compared to its “equivalent” ball screw. This is because of the significant life advantage roller screws have. Therefore, if you are using a smaller frame size roller screw and comparing that to a larger size ball screw, with similar life expectancies, your pricing is going to be very similar. Now depending on what your needs are, if you are looking for something with much greater life, we’re not necessarily comparing an equal product. So you may have to buy two ball screws in comparison to one roller screw. If you look at that from a value standpoint, you may pay more for a similar frame size roller screw but you may have to buy two ball screws in the same period of time that you would have to buy that one roller screw.
Does the AC Linear Actuator make an ideal hydraulic replacement?Arrow
Tritex actuators have the same capabilities as a hydraulic equivalent but without the cost or maintenance issues. High force, fast speeds, and precise movements make it a superior substitute for hydraulic applications.
How do I de-rate for elevated ambient temperaturesArrow
It is important to consider the environment temperature when sizing your actuator if it is hotter than standard room temperature (25°C or 77°F). A motor (or integrated linear actuator) has two ratings – continuous force and peak force. The continuous force rating is the force at which the actuator could push 100% of the time without its motor overheating. The peak force is the absolute max force either the stator can produce or the screw can handle (whichever limits first). If your temperature is hotter than 25°C however, the actuator would overheat faster – meaning it would need to be limited to less force in order to run 100% of the time without its motor overheating. So how do we determine the new force rating if the environment is really hot? With this equation:


 

The answer is in terms of a percentage of the catalog rated continuous force.

Example:

Let’s say your environment is at 150°F and you’re using a GSX50-1010, 2-stack. The actuator has a continuous force rating of 1005 lbf, meaning at room temperature it could push 1005 lbf continuously without overheating. But you’re not operating at room temperature. You’re operating at 150°F.

So first, let’s convert to Celsius:

150°F = 65.56°C

Then let’s plug it into the equation:

This means you’re now limited to 78.3% of the original 1005 lbf rating. So 78.3% of 1005 lbf is 787 lbf. Your drive must now be programmed to limit to the current that is equivalent to this force if it were to be run continuously.

*You could still run at more current/force than this for a percentage of the time, just not 100%. For help calculating your allowed percentage based on run time, see our Duty Cycle Tip.

**Remember, this applies to actuators with motors in them, not stand-alone actuators. The calculation above still needs to be run for the motors controlling these actuators, and those motors still need to be limited if necessary, but the stand-alone (universal) actuators ratings are their rating regardless of temperature. i.e.: An FTX095 could push 5000 lbf at 25° C or 85° C as long as the motor could handle it.
How do you calculate the maximum duty cycle allowed vs the amount on current/force applied?Arrow

Below is the maximum-allowable duty cycle for your application given the percentage of input current over the continuous current rating:

For example: If your actuator has a continuous current rating of 10 A and a continuous force rating of 1000 lbf, this means it will take about 10 A to produce 1000 lbf of force, or 5 A to produce 500 lbf of force, and so on. What if you need to push more than 1000 lbf? In most cases, you would look at a stronger stator or a larger actuator. What if it’s only for a few seconds? Could you over-work the current actuator? Well the answer is yes, and calculating by how much isn’t too difficult.

Let’s say you need to push 1500 lbf. This would be equivalent to 1.5x the continuous current rating of 10 A. If you look below, the graph recommends no more than a 22% duty cycle in this case. This means you can run the actuator 22% of the time at 15 A without overheating. The other 78% of the time, it needs to be off/cooling.

How long can you run at peak current?

Not a simple question, nor a simple answer. In reality, so many things affect this (how the system is built and how well the actuator is able to dissipate heat, are there additional heat sinks, particles in the air, degree of vacuum, new starting temp each time? (i.e. doesn’t always start from cold, etc.). Therefore, accurate times and temperature are quite difficult to estimate.

For example: At peak current (2x Continuous), the allowable duty cycle is 4%. That doesn’t mean you can run for 4 hours straight as long as you have 96 hours of off time in between however. From experience, a good rule of thumb we’ve estimated is 30s to a minute of peak current run time. Try to keep it under that, and then of course allow it to cool for the other 96% of the time.
How do you lubricate the front seal gland on a FTX series actuator?Arrow

We lubricate the seals on the front and rear of our FTX Series actuators upon initial assembly. However, the front seal gland should have a small amount of PTFE based lubricant applied to it periodically depending on the amount of use to keep the seal operating smoothly and to prolong the life of the actuator. Below are step by step instructions how to service or replace the front seal in the field.

  1. Remove mounting screws from gland assembly.
    • FTX095, FTX125 Qty. – 4 screws for removal
    • FTX160 and FTX215 Qty. – 8 screws for removal
  2. Undercut spaces or thread jackscrews available to assist in removing the gland assembly from the rod.
    • Undercut available for FTX095 and FTX125
    • For gland assembly removal on the FTX160 and FTX215 thread in 4 of the removed mounting screws into the 4 inner diameter threaded holes and continue to turn until the seal assembly extracts from the main rod.
  3. Remove the assembly off the rod, (retain the hardware and discard the rest of the assembly)
  4. Apply PTFE based lubricant to the internal seal and wiper on the replacement assembly.
  5. Apply PTFE based lubricant to the angled portion of the rod and external o-ring on the assembly.
  6. Slide replacement seal gland assembly over main rod until contact with face plate.
  7. Align screw holes and insert screws with Loctite.
  8. Torque screws according to service manual.
How does a roller screw compare to a hydraulic actuator of equal size and rate force?Arrow
That is going to depend on the application, but with equivalent specifications and characteristics, a roller screw actuator will typically be very similar in size to (sometimes slightly larger than) a comparable hydraulic cylinder. Hydraulics are always going to have their place in the market once you get beyond 100,000 lbs. of force, but anywhere an electromechanical roller screw actuator fits the bill, size will be very similar.
How does the back drive force compare against the ball screw?Arrow
The theoretical back drive force is going to be based on the lead of the screw, its efficiency and the amount of force being pushed against the screw. Typically with a ball screws are offered with a higher lead, and that higher lead is going to back drive a little bit easier. With a finer lead, just from physics you’re going to have a harder time to push that back. Comparing a ball screw to a roller screw with the same lead, the back drive force is going to be very similar depending on the efficiency.
How long until my specific actuator/application needs to be serviced/re-greased?Arrow

We are asked about re-lubrication intervals a lot. The reality is that there is no generic interval to re-lube actuators. It depends on so many things and every application and situation is different, it is nearly impossible to accurately calculate a re-lube interval per application. So instead, we have a rough guideline table (shown below) to give users an idea on when to start checking for old contaminated grease that needs to be replaced. However, since ambient temperature, heat dissipation, speed variation, particles in the air, etc. can vary so much from application to application, this is only a guideline. The actuator should be checked more frequently around the period this table suggests and once it is noticed that the grease is ready to be replaced (Dirty, contaminated / very dark, filled with particles / debris) – a re-lube interval can be determined.

Remember, grease needs to be cleaned out and replaced – don’t just insert more. (Except for FTX’s, those can handle 5-6 greasings before they need to be cleaned out)

RMS ROTATIONAL SPEED (RPM) RECOMMENDED GREASE RENEWAL PERIOD (HOURS)
250 10,000
500 10,000
1000 8000
1500 7000
2000 5800
2500 5000
3000 4000
If an actuator movement is repeatedly used in one spot, will this bring on premature wear?Arrow
In the case of an actuator that’s run in a single spot, you’re effectively using a singular process. When you’re using a pressing application, you’re going to end up hitting the same spot over and over and over again, so in turn your theoretical life calculation tends to be less the number of inches you can travel and more the number of times you can cycle to that same point over and over and over again. So that again plays a role in the life. We typically do have some derating factors that we use in order to provide our customers with an idea of what the best life they are going to get in pressing or a very short stroke type application.
Is the Tritex Series an Industry 4.0 IoT actuator?Arrow
The Tritex II Series actuators are intelligent actuators incorporating on-board control and communications capabilities, enabling support for distributed control and IIoT architectures
  • Production Efficiencies (speed, up-time, duty cycle)
  • Environmental Sustainability (energy efficiency, reduction in hazardous materials)
  • Agile & Adaptable Processes (configurability, connectivity)
  • Fully Autonomous Operation (distributed control, predictive maintenance)
What are the correct registers for Tritex II Modbus?Arrow
When controlling your Tritex II actuator using Modbus commands/registers, it is important to know that the Modbus mapping is different from the older Tritex I Series actuators. Tritex I Series actuators have a Modbus ID table to help you locate and setup all the registers. This is not the case for the Tritex II Series actuators. When commissioning for Modbus with Tritex II products, please reference Appendix B of the Tritex II Parameters Manual or click here now. Using this section of the manual will ensure you use the correct registers to communicate how you want to control your Tritex II via Modbus commands.
What are the maximal operating temperature limits for a roller screw?Arrow
The maximum operating temperature limits for a roller screw are going to be based on the grease’s ability to handle that temperature, so unless you’re getting to the melting point of the raw material, you’re probably not going to have much trouble. As a system, however, the entire unit is going to be limited by the lowest temperature rated component – which would be the seals at 85°C. When we shift over to an integrated package design like the GSX, you’re going to have the permanent magnet motor thermal limitations. So in the case of most brushless motors, having an ambient temp of around 100° C at the case means about 130° C at the stator. Our motors are designed with a thermal switch to protect the motor and trip once it reaches an internal temperature of 130° C. To avoid this, we typically recommend a maximum of 85° C in an ambient environment. There is potential to go a bit higher, but it becomes very application-dependent once you get above 85° C ambient.
What are the primary benefits of using an electric actuator system over hydraulics?Arrow
Electric actuators offer high speed and force, are flexible and easily programmable for a variety of load conditions, have high accuracy and repeatability, are efficient, simple to install, require little maintenance, and are environmentally friendly.

By not using a hydraulic system, the user can eliminate oil leaks, reduce pollution, and improve worker safety. Electric actuators are also a non-toxic solution, especially in the food industry
What conditions cause heavy contamination?Arrow
It depends on the environment. If a roller screw is packaged, contamination is typically going to be limited to ingress past a worn or damaged shaft seal. Shaft seals are a wear item and their life depends on many variables, including duty cycle, speed and cleanliness of the environment. Consequently, shaft seals are generally field-replaceable. Assuming the shaft seals are intact, there typically isn’t going to be contamination on a regular basis other than the screw lubrication migrating to other internal parts of the actuator.
What features does the Tritex II AC Linear Actuator have?Arrow
The AC-powered Tritex II actuators contain a 1.5 kW servo amplifier and an on-board motion controller. With standard features such as analog following for position, compound moves, move chaining, and individual force/torque control for each move, the Tritex II can solve many of your motion control challenges.
What is the accuracy of the actuator?Arrow

A very common question for us. For the actuator itself, that is easy. There is a mechanical lead accuracy of the screw, which is usually 0.001 in/ft, a typical specification for precision positioning screws of any type. This means that at any point over the cumulative length of the screw, the lead will vary by a maximum of 0.001 inches per foot of screw length. This is not the same as mechanical repeatability. The mechanical repeatability is a tolerance on how close to the same linear position the screw will return, if approaching from the same direction, and driven exactly the same number of turns. This value is approximately 0.0004 inches.

The electronic positioning resolution is a function of the feedback device and the servo amplifier. Let’s assume that we have Exlar’s standard encoder on a GSX30 with 0.2 inches per revolution lead on the roller screw. Exlar’s standard encoder has 2048 lines and 8192 electronic pulses per revolution that it outputs to the servo drive. So in a perfect world, the positioning resolution would be (0.2 in/rev)/ (8192 pulses/rev) or 0.0000244 inches. Anyone who has used servo drives knows that you can’t position to one encoder pulse. Let’s use 10 encoder pulses as a reasonable best positioning capability. This gives us a positioning resolution of 0.000244 inches.

More things to consider: When addressing repeatability and accuracy, several things must also be taken into account. One of these is the stiffness of the system. Stiffness is how much the system will stretch or compress under compressive or tensile forces. If the combination of the stiffness of the actuator and the stiffness of the mechanical system, including all couplings, mounting surface, etc. allows for more compression or stretch than the required positioning resolution of the system, obtaining acceptable positioning results will be nearly impossible. Another consideration is thermal expansion and contraction. Consider a GS actuator attached to a tool that is doing a precision grinding process. Assuming that the tool is steel and 12 inches long, a 5 degree rise in temperature will cause the tool to expand by 0.0006 inches. If the system is programmed to make 0.0002 inch moves, this expansion could cause serious positioning problems. The same applies to the components of the actuator itself. The actuator rod can change in temperature from a cold start up to running temperature. This change may need to be accounted for in very precise positioning applications.
What is the maintenance schedule life for a typical roller screw?Arrow
The maintenance schedule for any geared mechanical device, whether ball screw, roller screw, or gearhead, is going to be based on the amount of heat that is generated in the application, the amount of degradation of the grease, the type of grease being used, and the duty cycle. We provide some guidelines for our customers as starting points, but we recommend that for all new installations the lubrication be periodically inspected for presence and degradation as the best method for determining the right maintenance schedule for a given application. Having said that, we’ve seen repairs of units that have been in use for 15 years and when we’ve asked about grease renewal, they didn’t even realize that the unit could be serviced in the field. So we’ve had situations like that where they’ve gone for long periods of time with effectively no maintenance or no grease renewal. There are other applications that require grease renewal in very short intervals just due to the nature of the application.
What is the maximum linear stroke your design can be adapted for?Arrow
48 inches for traditional roller screws, 18 inches for inverted roller screws.
What keeps the output shaft from rotating?Arrow
On a conventional roller screw design package, there typically is an anti-rotation groove designed into the housing, and a tab designed into the nut that rides in the housing groove as the actuator extends and retracts. In regards to the inverted roller screw design, part of the installation or the application requirement is going to be having that shaft solidly mounted a machine coupling or tooling on the machine otherwise providing some sort of external anti-rotation device on that output shaft. There are other ways of using splines and different types of non-circular output shafts that can allow for different types of spline nuts that will provide anti-rotation, but typically you’re going to see that mounted on the machine.
What temperature can the Tritex II AC Linear Actuator Hold?Arrow
The Tritex II with AC power electronics operates with maximum reliability over a broad range of ambient temperatures: -40˚C to +65˚C.
How do I estimate life of the actuator?Arrow
The L10 expected life of a roller screw linear actuator is expressed as the linear travel distance that 90% of properly maintained roller screws manufactured are expected to meet or exceed. This calculation should be used for estimation purposes only.

The underlying formula that defines this value is: Travel life in millions of inches, where:
Ca= Dynamic load rating (lbf)
Fcml= Cubic mean applied load (lbf)
ℓ = Roller screw lead (inches)

For additional details on calculating estimated service life, please refer www.cw-actuation.com.

L10=(Ca)3 x ℓ Fcm

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